Ugereranije n'ibiribwa by'inyamaswa, amabara y'imboga n'imbuto z'ubwoko bwose ashobora kuba afite amabara meza kandi meza. Ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi rya broccoli, ibara ry'umuhengeri rya eggplant, ibara ry'umuhondo rya karoti, n'ibara ry'umutuku rya puwavuro - kuki izi mboga zitandukanye? Ni iki kigena aya mabara?

Fitokromu ni uruvange rw'ubwoko bubiri bw'ibinyabutabire: ibinyabutabire bya cytosolic bishonga mu mazi n'ibinyabutabire bya chloroplast bishonga mu maraso. Ingero z'ibinyabutabire birimo anthocyanine, flavonoids ziha indabyo ibara; kuri ibinyabutabire, carotenoids, lutein na chlorophyll ni ibisanzwe. Ibinyabutabire bishonga mu mazi bishonga mu mazi bishonga mu mazi ndetse no mu mazi asanzwe ariko ntibishonga mu bindi bintu by'umwimerere nka ether na chloroform. Ibinyabutabire bishonga mu maraso biragoye gushonga muri methanol, ariko byoroshye gushonga mu mazi mu mazi menshi ya ethanol n'ibindi bintu by'umwimerere. Iyo bihuye n'ibinyabutabire bya acetate ya lead, ibinyabutabire bishonga mu mazi birahita byinjira kandi bishobora kwinjizwa na karubone ikora; amabara na yo azahinduka bitewe na pH.

1. Klorofili

Chlorophyll iboneka cyane mu mababi, imbuto n'ibimera byo mu bimera byo hejuru, kandi ni ingenzi mu bigize chloroplast z'ibimera, iboneka hamwe na poroteyine mu binyabuzima.

Chlorophyll ni umuti ugabanya amaraso, utera imbere mu mitsi, utera imbaraga uturemangingo, urwanya udukoko no kubyimbirwa, nibindi. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, abahanga mu bya siyansi bavumbuye ko chlorophyll igira ingaruka zo kubuza ikorwa ry’uturemangingo twa AI.

Ibiribwa birimo chlorophyll birimo: kale, alfalfa sprouts, salade, epinari, broccoli, salade, nibindi.

Chlorophyll yiganjemo ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi, itsinda rizwi cyane ry'amabara aboneka mu moko hafi ya yose y'ibimera. Bamwe bashobora kwibaza bati, bite kuri karoti? Bite ho kuri ibi bintu bifite isura n'amabara bidahuye n'icyatsi kibisi na gato? Mu by'ukuri, karoti nazo zirimo chlorophyll, itari hasi, ariko "icyatsi kibisi" gitwikiriwe n'"umuhondo n'umuhondo".

2. Karotenoide

Karotenoide ni ijambo rusange risobanura isomeri zitandukanye za karotenoide n'ibikomoka kuri zo biboneka mu bimera. Ni itsinda ry'ibintu bifite amabara menshi biboneka mu bidukikije, kandi byavumbuwe bwa mbere muri karoti, niyo mpamvu byitwa karotenoide.

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko kurya carotenoids nyinshi mu mubiri w’umuntu bishobora kugabanya indwara za prostate ziterwa no gusaza ndetse no kwangirika kw’amaceri mu maso y’ijisho. Kubwibyo, carotenoids karemano zemejwe na Minisiteri y’Ubuzima nk’ibiribwa birwanya imirasire. Carotenoids zitandukanye zifite imiterere itandukanye ya molekile, kandi mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 20, carotenoids zirenga 600 zari zaravumbuwe.

Ibiribwa birimo karotenoide: karoti, ibihaza, inyanya, indimu, ibigori, nibindi.

3. Flavonoide

Ibara rya Flavonoid, rizwi kandi nka anthocyanines, naryo ni ibara rishongera mu mazi. Ukurikije imiterere ya shimi, ni ikintu cya phenolic gishobora gushongera mu mazi. Kiboneka cyane mu bwami bw'ibimera, harimo n'ibikomoka ku bindi bintu bitandukanye, kandi habonetse amoko ibihumbi n'ibihumbi. Flavonoids ntikunze kuboneka mu bimera nk'ibinyabutabire. Ubwoko butandukanye bwa flavonoids buri mu bimera byo mu miryango itandukanye, imiterere, ubwoko, n'ubwoko butandukanye; mu ngingo zitandukanye z'ibimera nk'igishishwa, imizi, n'indabyo, hariho flavonoids zitandukanye. Hamaze kuvumburwa ubwoko hafi 400 kugeza ubu, budafite ibara, umuhondo woroshye cyangwa orange, kandi ibara ryabwo rigirwaho ingaruka cyane na pH.

Kubera ko anthoxanthin ari ibara ry’ibiribwa karemano, ni nziza, ntabwo ari uburozi, ikungahaye ku bintu byinshi, kandi ifite ingaruka zimwe na zimwe ku mirire no ku miti. Ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kuyikoresha mu biribwa, mu mavuta yo kwisiga no mu buvuzi.

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwakozwe mu gihugu no mu mahanga bwagaragaje ko flavonoids zifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ogisijeni, gukuraho uturemangingo twinshi tw’umubiri, kurwanya ogisijeni y’ibinure, gukumira indwara z’umutima n’imitsi, kurwanya indwara ziterwa na bagiteri, kurwanya indwara ziterwa na virusi, no kurwanya allergie. Imboga, imbuto n’ibinyampeke mu bwami bw’ibimera bikungahaye ku marangamutima ya flavonoid.

Ibiribwa birimo flavonoid pigments: urusenda ruryoshye, seleri, ibitunguru bitukura, icyayi cy'icyatsi kibisi, indimu, imizabibu, buckwheat, nibindi.

4. Anthocyanin

Anthocyanine: Kubera "ibikorwa byayo byo kurwanya okisidasiyo", anthocyanine zizwi cyane kandi zivugwa ko ari "amayeri" n'ibigo byinshi. Ubwoko burenga 300 bwa anthocyanine bwaragaragaye, harimo ubururu, umuhengeri, umutuku n'umuhondo. Izi rangi zirashonga mu mazi. Anthocyanine zishobora kugaragaza amabara atandukanye uko pH ihinduka. Ugomba kugira uburambe nk'ubwo iyo uteka amashu (umutuku) mu mazi.

Imiterere y’imiti ya anthocyanine ntabwo ihindagurika cyane, kandi ibara rizahinduka cyane iyo pH ihindutse, ari yo itukura iri munsi ya 7, ibara ry’umuhengeri riri kuri 8.5, ibara ry’ubururu bw’umukara riri kuri 11, n’ibara ry’umuhondo, ibara ry’umuhondo cyangwa ibara ry’umukara riri hejuru ya 11. Ogisijeni, urumuri cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi bishobora guhindura ibiribwa bifite anthocyanine nyinshi bikaba ibara ry’umukara. Byongeye kandi, guhindura ibara guterwa no gukora ku butare bigomba kwirindwa uko bishoboka kose mu gihe cyo kubitunganya.

Proanthocyanidins zishobora gukuraho uturemangingo tw’umubiri twitwa free radicals, zikagira imikorere ikomeye ya antioxydants, kandi zishobora kugenga ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri no kurwanya kanseri.

Ibiribwa birimo anthocyanines: ibirayi by'umuhengeri, umuceri w'umukara, ibigori by'umuhengeri, kale y'umuhengeri, eggplant, perilla, karoti, beterave, n'ibindi.

Kubera ko abantu bashyigikiye ibisanzwe, gukurikirana ubuzima n'umutekano mbere na mbere ibisabwa mu mitekerereze, ndetse no kwinjira k'Ubushinwa muri WTO bihura n'ibyo ubukungu bw'isi bukeneye, iterambere ry'amabara karemano aribwa ryihuse, nk'uko imibare ibigaragaza, kuva mu 1971 kugeza mu 1981 isi yasohoye patenti 126 zo gusiga irangi ku biribwa, muri zo 87.5% ni amabara karemano aribwa.

Uko umuryango ugenda utera imbere, ikoreshwa ry'amabara karemano ryagiye rikundwa buhoro buhoro mu nganda zikora ibiribwa n'ubwiza, kandi ubuhanga bwakoreshejwe bwagiye butera imbere buhoro buhoro, bituma amabara karemano aba igice cy'ingenzi mu gutuma ubuzima burushaho kuba bwiza.

Intego yacu y'ikigo ni ""Tera Isi Ibyishimo Kandi Igire Ingufu".

Kugira ngo umenye byinshi ku bimera bivangwa, ushobora kutwandikira igihe cyose bivangwa!!

Amareferensi：https://www.zhihu.com/