Mu bushakashatsi bushya, abashakashatsi basanze umuti mushya ushingiye ku gice cy’imbuto z’imizabibu ushobora kongera ubuzima bw’imbeba n’ubuzima bwazo.
Ubushakashatsi bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru Nature Metabolism, bushyiraho urufatiro rw'inyigo z'ubuvuzi kugira ngo hamenyekane niba izi ngaruka zishobora gukwirakwira ku bantu.
Gusaza ni ikintu cy’ingenzi gitera indwara zidakira. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bizera ko ibi biterwa no gusaza kw'uturemangingo. Ibi bibaho iyo uturemangingo tutagishoboye gukora imirimo yatwo mu mubiri.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, abashakashatsi bavumbuye ubwoko bw'imiti yitwa senolytics. Iyi miti ishobora gusenya uturemangingo tw’uturemangingo tw’uturemangingo mu matsinda y’inzobere mu buvuzi no mu nyamaswa, bikaba byagabanya indwara zidakira zivuka uko tugenda dusaza kandi tukabaho igihe kirekire.
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, abahanga mu bya siyansi bavumbuye uburyo bushya bwo gutuma amaraso aboneka mu mbuto z'imizabibu bukomoka ku gice cy'imbuto z'imizabibu cyitwa proanthocyanidin C1 (PCC1).
Hashingiwe ku makuru yabanje, PCC1 yitezweho kubuza imikorere y'uturemangingo tw’imisemburo ku rugero ruto no gusenya mu buryo bwihariye uturemangingo tw’imisemburo ku rugero rwo hejuru.
Mu igerageza rya mbere, bashyize imbeba ku rugero ruto rw’imirasire yica kugira ngo batere ingirabuzimafatizo gusaza. Itsinda rimwe ry’imbeba ryahawe PCC1, irindi tsinda rihabwa imodoka yari itwaye PCC1.
Abashakashatsi basanze nyuma y’uko imbeba zihuye n’imirasire, zagize imiterere idasanzwe y’umubiri, harimo n’umusatsi mwinshi w’imvi.
Kuvura imbeba hakoreshejwe PCC1 byahinduye cyane ibi bintu. Imbeba zahawe PCC1 nazo zari zifite uturemangingo duke tw’uturemangingo tw’uturemangingo n’ibimenyetso by’ibinyabuzima bifitanye isano n’uturemangingo tw ...
Amaherezo, imbeba zari zifite imirasire yagize ubushobozi buke n'imbaraga nke z'imitsi. Ariko, ibintu byarahindutse ku mbeba zihabwa PCC1, kandi zari zifite igipimo cyo kubaho kiri hejuru.
Mu igerageza rya kabiri, abashakashatsi bateye imbeba zishaje PCC1 cyangwa vehicle buri byumweru bibiri mu gihe cy'amezi ane.
Itsinda ryasanze umubare munini w'uturemangingo tw’impyiko, umwijima, ibihaha na prostate by'imbeba zishaje. Ariko, kuvurwa na PCC1 byahinduye ibintu.
Imbeba zavuwe na PCC1 zagaragaje kandi iterambere mu gukomera kw'imitsi, umuvuduko ntarengwa wo kugenda, kwihangana kumanika, kwihangana mu mitsi yo kuruhuka, urwego rw'ibikorwa bya buri munsi, no kuringaniza ugereranije n'imbeba zahawe imodoka zonyine.
Mu igerageza rya gatatu, abashakashatsi barebye ku mbeba zishaje cyane kugira ngo barebe uburyo PCC1 yagize ingaruka ku buzima bwazo.
Basanze imbeba zavuwe na PCC1 zimara igihe kirekire kigera kuri 9.4% ugereranyije n'imbeba zavuwe n'imodoka.
Byongeye kandi, nubwo yabayeho igihe kirekire, imbeba zavuwe na PCC1 nta ndwara nyinshi zagaragaye ziterwa n’izabukuru ugereranije n’imbeba zavuwe n’imodoka.
Mu gusoza ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi, umwanditsi Sun Yu wo mu kigo cy’imirire n’ubuzima cya Shanghai mu Bushinwa na bagenzi be bagize bati: “Dutanga gihamya y’uko [PCC1] ifite ubushobozi bwo gutinza cyane imikorere mibi iterwa no gusaza ndetse no mu gihe ifashwe mu gihe kizaza.” mu buzima, ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kugabanya indwara ziterwa no gusaza no kunoza ubuzima, bityo igafungura inzira nshya z’ubuvuzi bw’abageze mu za bukuru mu gihe kizaza kugira ngo irusheho kugira ubuzima bwiza no kuramba.”
Dr James Brown, umwe mu bagize ikigo cya Aston Center for Healthy Aging i Birmingham, mu Bwongereza, yabwiye Medical News Today ko ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bitanga ikindi gihamya cy'inyungu zishobora guterwa n'imiti irwanya gusaza. Dr. Brown ntabwo yagize uruhare mu bushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa.
“Senolytics ni ubwoko bushya bw’imiti irwanya gusaza ikunze kuboneka mu bidukikije. Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko PCC1, hamwe n’imiti nka quercetin na fisetin, ishobora kwica uturemangingo tw’uturemangingo tw’uturemangingo mu buryo bwihariye mu gihe ituma uturemangingo tukiri duto kandi dufite ubuzima bwiza dukomeza kubaho neza.”
“Ubu bushakashatsi, kimwe n’ubundi bushakashatsi muri uru rwego, bwasuzumye ingaruka z’izi mvange mu mbeba no mu zindi ngirabuzimafatizo zo hasi, ku buryo haracyari akazi kenshi mbere y’uko ingaruka z’izi mvange mu kurwanya gusaza ku bantu zimenyekana.”
“Senolytics rwose ifite isezerano ryo kuba imiti irwanya gusaza iri ku isonga mu iterambere,” Dr. Brown yagize ati.
Porofeseri Ilaria Bellantuono, umwarimu ushinzwe gusaza kw'imitsi n'amagufwa muri Kaminuza ya Sheffield mu Bwongereza, yemeye mu kiganiro na MNT ko ikibazo cy'ingenzi ari ukumenya niba ibi byavumbuwe bishobora gukopwa no ku bantu. Porofeseri Bellantuono na we ntabwo yagize uruhare muri ubu bushakashatsi.
“Ubu bushakashatsi bwongera ku bimenyetso byinshi bigaragaza ko kwibanda ku tunyangingo tw’ubukure hakoreshejwe imiti yica mu buryo bwihariye, yitwa ‘senolytics,’ bishobora kunoza imikorere y’umubiri uko tugenda dusaza no gutuma imiti ya chimiotherapie igira ingaruka nziza ku ndwara ya kanseri.”
“Ni ngombwa kumenya ko amakuru yose ari muri uru rwego aturuka ku nyamaswa—muri iki gihe, ku mbeba. Ikibazo nyacyo ni ukugerageza niba iyi miti ifite akamaro kangana [ku bantu]. Nta makuru ahari muri iki gihe.”, kandi igeragezwa ry’ubuvuzi ririmo gutangira,” ibi ni ibyavuzwe na Porofeseri Bellantuono.
Dr David Clancy, wo mu ishami ry’ubuvuzi bw’ibinyabuzima n’ubumenyi bw’ibinyabuzima muri Kaminuza ya Lancaster mu Bwongereza, yabwiye MNT ko urugero rw’ibipimo bishobora kuba ikibazo mu gihe hashyirwa ibisubizo ku bantu. Dr. Clancy ntabwo yagize uruhare mu bushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa.
“Ingano zihabwa imbeba akenshi ziba nini cyane ugereranije n’izo abantu bashobora kwihanganira. Ingano zikwiye za PCC1 ku bantu zishobora gutera uburozi. Ubushakashatsi ku mbeba bushobora gutanga amakuru; umwijima wazo usa n’aho uhindura imiti nk’umwijima w’umuntu kuruta umwijima w’imbeba.”
Dr Richard Siow, umuyobozi ushinzwe ubushakashatsi ku bageze mu zabukuru muri King's College London, na we yabwiye MNT ko ubushakashatsi ku nyamaswa butari ubw'abantu bushobora kuba butari bwo bwatuma abantu bagira ingaruka nziza. Dr. Siow na we ntabwo yagize uruhare muri ubwo bushakashatsi.
“Simbigereranya buri gihe kuvumbura imbeba, inzoka n’isazi n’abantu, kuko ikintu cyoroshye ni uko dufite konti za banki kandi zo ntazo zifite. Dufite amafaranga yo kuzikoresha, ariko ntayo dufite. Dufite ibindi bintu mu buzima. Shimangira ko inyamaswa tudafite: ibiryo, itumanaho, akazi, guhamagara kuri Zoom. Ndizera ko imbeba zishobora kugira stress mu buryo butandukanye, ariko ubusanzwe tuba duhangayikishijwe cyane n’amafaranga turimo muri banki,” Dr. Xiao yagize ati.
“Birumvikana ko ibi ari urwenya, ariko ku bijyanye n’aho ibintu biherereye, ibyo usoma byose ku mbeba ntibishobora guhindurwa ku bantu. Iyo uza kuba imbeba ukaba wifuza kubaho imyaka 200 – cyangwa imbeba ingana nayo. Ku myaka 200, byaba ari byiza, ariko se abantu bafite ishingiro? Ibyo ni icyitonderwa buri gihe iyo mvuze ku bushakashatsi ku nyamaswa.”
“Ku rundi ruhande rwiza, ubu ni ubushakashatsi bukomeye buduha ibimenyetso bikomeye byerekana ko n’inzira nyinshi ubushakashatsi bwanjye bwibanzeho ari ingenzi iyo dutekereje ku buzima muri rusange.”
“Byaba ari icyitegererezo cy’inyamaswa cyangwa icyitegererezo cy’umuntu, hashobora kuba hari inzira zimwe na zimwe zihariye za molekile tugomba kureba mu rwego rw’igeragezwa ry’ubuvuzi ku bantu hamwe n’ibinyabutabire nka proanthocyanidins z’imbuto z’imizabibu,” Dr. Siow yagize ati.
Dr. Xiao yavuze ko kimwe mu bishoboka ari ugukora ibikomoka ku mbuto z'imizabibu nk'inyongeramusaruro mu mirire.
“Kugira inyamaswa nziza ifite umusaruro mwiza [kandi igasohoka mu kinyamakuru gifite ingaruka zikomeye] byongera agaciro mu iterambere n’ishoramari mu bushakashatsi ku bantu, byaba bivuye muri leta, mu igeragezwa ry’ubuvuzi cyangwa binyuze mu bashoramari n’inganda. Fata iyi nama y’imbogamizi hanyuma ushyire imbuto z’imizabibu mu binini nk’inyongera mu mirire ukurikije izi ngingo.”
“Inyongeramusaruro ndimo gufata ishobora kuba itarapimwe mu buvuzi, ariko amakuru y’inyamaswa agaragaza ko yongera ibiro - ibyo bigatuma abaguzi bemera ko hari ikintu kirimo. Ni kimwe mu bigize uko abantu batekereza ku biryo.” inyongeramusaruro.” mu buryo bumwe, ibi ni ingirakamaro mu gusobanukirwa igihe kirekire,” Dr. Xiao yagize ati.
Dr. Xiao yashimangiye ko ubuzima bw'umuntu nabwo ari ingenzi, atari igihe cyo kubaho gusa.
“Niba twitaye ku gihe cy’ubuzima, ndetse n’ikiruta byose, igihe cy’ubuzima, tugomba gusobanura icyo igihe cy’ubuzima bivuze. Nta kibazo niba tubayeho kugeza ku myaka 150, ariko ntabwo ari byiza cyane niba tumara imyaka 50 ishize mu buriri.”
“Rero aho kuramba, wenda ijambo ryiza ryaba ubuzima bwiza no kuramba: ushobora kuba wongera imyaka ku buzima bwawe, ariko se urimo wongera imyaka ku buzima bwawe? Cyangwa iyi myaka ntacyo imaze? Kandi ubuzima bwo mu mutwe: ushobora kubaho kugeza ku myaka 130, ariko niba udashobora kwishimira iyi myaka, ese birakwiye?”
“Ni ngombwa kureba mu buryo bwagutse ubuzima bwo mu mutwe n’imibereho myiza, intege nke, ibibazo byo kugenda, uko dusaza muri sosiyete – ese hari imiti ihagije? Cyangwa dukeneye ubufasha bwinshi mu mibereho myiza? Niba dufite ubufasha bwo kubaho kugeza ku myaka 90, 100 cyangwa 110? Ese leta ifite politiki?”
“Niba iyi miti idufasha, kandi tukaba dufite imyaka irenga 100, twakora iki kugira ngo turusheho kugira ubuzima bwiza aho gufata imiti myinshi gusa? Hano hari imbuto z'imizabibu, amakomamanga, nibindi,” Dr. Xiao yagize ati.
Porofeseri Bellantuono yavuze ko ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi bizaba ingirakamaro cyane ku igeragezwa ry’ubuvuzi rirebana n’abarwayi ba kanseri bahabwa imiti ya chimiotherapie.
“Ikibazo gikunze kugaragara mu miti ya senolytic ni ukumenya abazayigirira akamaro n’uburyo bwo gupima inyungu mu igeragezwa ry’ubuvuzi.”
“Byongeye kandi, kubera ko imiti myinshi ari yo ikora neza mu gukumira indwara aho kuyivura imaze kumenyekana, igeragezwa ryo kwa muganga rishobora kumara imyaka bitewe n’imimerere kandi rigahenda cyane.”
“Ariko, muri uru rubanza, [abashakashatsi] bagaragaje itsinda ry’abarwayi bazabyungukiramo: abarwayi ba kanseri bahabwa imiti ya chimiotherapie. Byongeye kandi, bizwi igihe ikorwa ry’uturemangingo tw’ubusembwa riterwa (ni ukuvuga hakoreshejwe imiti ya chimiotherapie) n’igihe “Uru ni urugero rwiza rw’ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko hari igitekerezo gishobora gukorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane akamaro ka senolitiki ku barwayi,” nk’uko Porofeseri Bellantuono yabitangaje.
Abahanga mu bya siyansi bashoboye kandi mu buryo butaziguye guhindura ibimenyetso byo gusaza mu mbeba binyuze mu guhindura imiterere y’uturemangingo twazo.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuvuzi rya Baylor bwagaragaje ko inyongeramusaruro zigabanya cyangwa zikosora ibintu byo gusaza bisanzwe mu mbeba, zishobora kongera igihe…
Ubushakashatsi bushya bwakozwe ku mbeba n'uturemangingo tw'abantu bwagaragaje ko ibinyabutabire by'imbuto bishobora kugabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso. Ubu bushakashatsi kandi bugaragaza uburyo bwo kugera kuri iyi ntego.
Abahanga mu bya siyansi bashyize amaraso y'imbeba zishaje mu mbeba nto kugira ngo barebe ingaruka zayo n'uko bagabanya ingaruka zayo.
Indyo irwanya gusaza iragenda ikundwa cyane. Muri iyi nkuru turaganira ku byavuye mu isuzuma riherutse gukorwa ku bimenyetso, tunabaza niba hari…