Dr. Eduardo Blwald (iburyo) na Akhilesh Yadav, Ph.D., hamwe n'abandi bagize itsinda ryabo muri Kaminuza ya California, Davis, bahinduye umuceri kugira ngo batere imbaraga bagiteri zo mu butaka gukora azote nyinshi ibimera bishobora gukoresha. [Trina Kleist/UC Davis]
Abashakashatsi bakoresheje CRISPR mu gushushanya umuceri kugira ngo batere inkunga bagiteri zo mu butaka kugira ngo zishyireho azote ikenewe kugira ngo zikure. Ibyavumbuwe bishobora kugabanya ingano y'ifumbire ya azote ikenewe mu guhinga imyaka, bikarokora abahinzi b'Abanyamerika babarirwa muri za miriyari z'amadolari buri mwaka kandi bikagirira akamaro ibidukikije binyuze mu kugabanya ihumana rya azote.
“Ibimera ni inganda zitangaje z’ibinyabutabire,” ibi byavuzwe na Dr. Eduardo Blwald, umwarimu w’umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’ibimera muri Kaminuza ya California, Davis, wayoboye ubushakashatsi. Itsinda rye ryifashishije CRISPR kugira ngo ryongere uburyo apigenin ikwirakwira mu muceri. Basanze apigenin n’ibindi bintu bitera kwishyira hamwe kwa azote ya bagiteri.
Imirimo yabo yasohotse mu kinyamakuru Plant Biotechnology (“Guhindura imiterere y’ibimera mu buryo bwa flavonoid y’umuceri byongera imiterere ya biofilm no gushyiraho azote mu buryo bw’ibinyabuzima binyuze muri bagiteri zishyiraho azote mu butaka”).
Azote ni ingenzi mu gukura kw'ibimera, ariko ibimera ntibishobora guhindura azote mu kirere mu buryo butaziguye ikayihindura imiterere ishobora gukoresha. Ahubwo, ibimera byishingikiriza ku kwinjiza azote idakomoka ku bimera, nka ammonia, ikorwa na bagiteri mu butaka. Umusaruro w'ubuhinzi ushingiye ku ikoreshwa ry'ifumbire irimo azote kugira ngo byongere umusaruro w'ibimera.
Yagize ati: “Niba ibimera bishobora gukora imiti ituma bagiteri zo mu butaka zikora azote yo mu kirere, dushobora gukora ibimera kugira ngo bikore iyi miti myinshi.” “Iyi miti itera bagiteri zo mu butaka gukora azote kandi ibimera bikoresha ammoniyumu ivamo, bityo bikagabanya ikenerwa ry’ifumbire mvaruganda.”
Itsinda rya Broomwald ryakoresheje isesengura ry’ibinyabutabire n’isesengura ry’uturemangingo kugira ngo rimenye ibintu biri mu bimera by’umuceri - apigenin n’izindi flavonoids - byongera imikorere ya bagiteri yo gushyira azote mu mubiri.
Hanyuma basanze inzira zo gukora iyi miti, banakoresha ikoranabuhanga rya CRISPR ryo guhindura imiterere y’uturemangingo kugira ngo bongere umusaruro w’ibintu bitera imbaraga mu gukora biofilm. Izi biofilm zirimo bagiteri zituma habaho ihinduka rya azote. Kubera iyo mpamvu, imikorere ya azote ya bagiteri iriyongera kandi ingano ya ammoniyumu iboneka ku bimera iriyongera.
Abashakashatsi banditse muri iyo nyandiko bati: “Ibihingwa by’umuceri byazamutse byagaragaje umusaruro wiyongereye w’ibinyampeke iyo byahingwaga mu butaka budafite azote nyinshi.” “Ibisubizo byacu bishyigikira uburyo bwo gukora flavonoid biosynthesis nk’uburyo bwo gutuma azote ifata mu binyampeke no kugabanya ingano ya azote idakomoka ku bimera. Gukoresha ifumbire. Ingamba nyazo.”
Izindi nganda nazo zishobora gukoresha iyi nzira. Kaminuza ya California yasabye patenti kuri iyi koranabuhanga kandi ubu iraritegereje. Ubushakashatsi bwatewe inkunga n'Umuryango wa Will W. Lester. Byongeye kandi, Bayer CropScience ishyigikira ubushakashatsi burambuye kuri iyi ngingo.
“Ifumbire ya azote irahenze cyane,” Blowald yagize ati. “Ikintu cyose gishobora gukuraho ibyo biguzi ni ingenzi. Ku ruhande rumwe, ni ikibazo cy’amafaranga, ariko azote nayo igira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije.”
Ifumbire mvaruganda nyinshi ziratakara, zigacengera mu butaka no mu mazi yo munsi y'ubutaka. Ibyo Blowald yavumbuye bishobora gufasha mu kurengera ibidukikije mu kugabanya ihumana rya azote. Yagize ati: “Ibi bishobora gutanga ubundi buryo burambye bwo guhinga bwagabanya ikoreshwa ry’ifumbire mvaruganda ya azote nyinshi.”